EuroSCORE stands for European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation. It identifies a number of risk factors which help to predict mortality from cardiac surgery. The original EuroSCORE calculator was published in 1999, derived from an international database of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The EuroSCORE II calculator was released for use on October 3, 2011 at the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery meeting in Lisbon.

The original calculator is used worldwide for both the measurement of risk and as a benchmark for the assessment of quality of cardiac surgical services. There are more than 1300 formal citations of the EuroSCORE in the medical literature.