In order to address the challenges of land degradation, climate change, loss of biodiversity, poor productivity in wadi project areas, food and nutrition security concerns and economic distress of farmers due to input-intensive mono-cropping and declining net returns, JIVA programme has been initiated – JIVA means "a living being or entity imbued with a life force" in Sanskrit - as an agro-ecological transformational approach leveraging the pre-existing social and natural capital in the watershe